Options Strategies CFA Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Options Strategies with Oncourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Options Strategies Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 1: Constant-Proportion Strategies
Answer: - Dynamic strategy
- Buy as prices go up, sell as they go down
- Target investment in stock = m x (portfolio value - floor value)
- Where m > 1
- Performs well in trending markets and poor in mean reverting markets
- Produces convex payoff curve
Flashcard 2: Interest Rate Floors
Answer: - An Interest Rate Floor is a combination of interest rate put options
- The natural user of a floor is the receiver on a floating rate loan
Flashcard 3: Vega and Volatility Risk
Answer: Vega = (Change in Option/Change in Vol of Underlying)
- At-the-money option has greatest Vega
- Volatility is unobservable so it is difficult to estimate Vega
- Delta is required to manage Vega risk jointly with delta & gamma
Flashcard 4: Lending and Interest Rate Put Options
Answer: A put establishes a minimum lending rate

Payoff = (NP)[max(0, Strike - LIBOR)](D/360)
FV(premium) = premium[1 + (current LIBOR + spread)(maturity/360)
**Net Amount = Loan + FV(premium)**
Effective Interest Earned = Lending Income + Put Payoff
EAR = [(NP + Effective Dollar Interest Earned) / Net Amount]^(365/D) - 1
Flashcard 5: Interest Rate Collar
Answer: - A combination of a cap and a floor where the agent is long in one position and short in the other
- Attractive to a bank that has among its liabilities large deposits with floating interest rates
Flashcard 6: Gamma
Answer: Gamma = (change in Delta)/(change in Underlying)
- Measures the sensitivity of delta to a change in the underlying
- Highest when option is at the money/or near expiration
- When gammas are large, some delta hedgers choose to also gamma hedge
Flashcard 7: Delta Hedging
Answer: Delta Hedging is combining an option position with a position in the underlying asset to form a portfolio whose value does not change in reaction to changes in the underlying over short periods of time. Buy (sell) delta number of shares for each short (long) position.
- Delta is an approximation for small changes only
- Delta changes with time and with the price of the underlying
- Rounding causes imprecission
Deltacall = (Change in Call/Change in Spot)
Delta Hedges need to be constantly rebalanced
Flashcard 8: Gamma and the Risk of Delta
Answer: Gamme = (Change in Delta/Change in Spot)
- Larger the gamma, greater the risk
- Gamma is largest for at-the-money and/or near expiration
- Gamma hedge = position in underlying & position in two options
Flashcard 9: Interest Rate Cap
Answer: - Interest rate cap is a combination of interest rate calls
- Each option in a cap is a caplet
- Each caplet has same X but its own expiration date
- Cap seller makes payment if IR \< strike rate
- Payoff is determined on its expiration date but made on the next payment date
Flashcard 10: Delta-Normal VaR
Answer: When a portfolio contains options the assumption of a normal distribution to estimate VaR presents a significant problem. One solution is to use the Analytical Method and to assume that the change in the option price is equal to the change in the underlying price multiplied by the delta. This trick converts it into a normal distribution.
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