Relevance and exclusion of evidence — Flashcards

Relevance and exclusion of evidence Bar Exam Flashcards - Medical Study Cards

Master Relevance and exclusion of evidence with Oncourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.

Relevance and exclusion of evidence Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards

Flashcard 1: What are the three requirements for admissible lay opinion testimony under FRE 701?

Answer: The opinion must be rationally based on the witness’s perception, helpful to understanding the testimony or determining a fact in issue, and not based on specialized knowledge within the scope of expert testimony. The witness must therefore be using ordinary observations rather than technical or scientific expertise.

Flashcard 2: What makes evidence relevant under the Federal Rules of Evidence?

Answer: Evidence is relevant if it has any tendency to make a fact more or less probable than it would be without the evidence, and the fact must be consequential to determining the action. Relevant evidence is generally admissible unless the Constitution, a statute, another rule, or Rule 403 provides otherwise.

Flashcard 3: What is the general rule against character evidence offered to prove conduct?

Answer: Under the majority/FRE rule, character evidence is generally inadmissible when offered solely to prove that a person acted in accordance with that character on a particular occasion. Criminal-case exceptions permit a defendant to offer a pertinent trait and allow the prosecution to rebut it, subject to the applicable victim- and defendant-character rules.

Flashcard 4: When may a court exclude relevant evidence under FRE 403?

Answer: The court may exclude relevant evidence when its probative value is substantially outweighed by a danger of unfair prejudice, confusing the issues, misleading the jury, undue delay, wasting time, or needlessly presenting cumulative evidence. Unfair prejudice means an undue tendency to cause the jury to decide on an improper emotional or otherwise illegitimate basis.

Flashcard 5: For what purposes may evidence of a person’s other act be admitted under FRE 404(b)?

Answer: Other-act evidence may be admitted for a non-propensity purpose, such as proving motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident. It is not admissible merely to show that the person has a bad character or acted consistently with it.

Flashcard 6: What distinguishes habit evidence from inadmissible character evidence?

Answer: Habit is a person’s regular, specific response to a particular situation, shown with enough frequency and particularity to be semi-automatic; it may be admitted to prove conduct on the occasion in question. General descriptions of personality or disposition are character evidence, not habit.

Flashcard 7: Under FRE 104(b), who decides a conditional fact affecting admissibility, and what must the proponent show?

Answer: The court decides whether sufficient evidence exists for a reasonable jury to find the conditional fact, but the jury ultimately decides whether that fact exists. If the showing is insufficient, the court excludes the evidence.

Flashcard 8: When does FRE 407 exclude evidence of subsequent remedial measures, and what are its exceptions?

Answer: A subsequent measure is inadmissible to prove negligence, culpable conduct, a defect, or a need for a warning or instruction. It may be admitted to prove ownership, control, feasibility of precaution, or for impeachment, if those issues are genuinely disputed.

Flashcard 9: What is the rule for evidence of liability insurance under FRE 411?

Answer: Evidence that a person was or was not insured against liability is inadmissible to prove that the person acted negligently or wrongfully. It may be admitted for another purpose, such as proving agency, ownership, control, or witness bias.

Flashcard 10: What does FRE 408 exclude in settlement negotiations, and for what purposes may the evidence still be admitted?

Answer: Offers to compromise a disputed claim and statements made during compromise negotiations are inadmissible to prove or disprove the claim or its amount. They may be admitted for another purpose, such as proving bias, negating undue delay, or proving an effort to obstruct a criminal investigation or prosecution.

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Study by Chapter

Relevance and unfair prejudice

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Character evidence, other acts, and habit

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Lay opinion and expert qualification

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Expert reliability, bases, and ultimate issues

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About Relevance and exclusion of evidence Flashcards for Bar Exam

These Relevance and exclusion of evidence flashcards are designed for Bar Exam Evidence preparation, using active recall to help you retain high-yield concepts, clinical correlations, and commonly tested facts. Each card prompts you to retrieve information from memory rather than passively reviewing notes, which research shows leads to significantly better exam performance.

The 10 cards in this deck cover the most important topics in Relevance and exclusion of evidence, including key mechanisms, diagnostic criteria, treatment protocols, and clinical pearls that frequently appear in Bar Exam examinations. Cards are organised by chapter so you can focus on specific areas or work through the entire topic systematically.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Are Relevance and exclusion of evidence flashcards free on Oncourse?

Yes, completely free. You can study all 10 Relevance and exclusion of evidence flashcards on this page at no cost. For spaced repetition scheduling and progress tracking, download the Oncourse app.

How do flashcards help with Bar Exam preparation?

Flashcards use active recall — instead of passively re-reading notes, you retrieve information from memory. Research shows this builds stronger, longer-lasting memories and is one of the most effective study strategies for medical exams like Bar Exam.

How many Relevance and exclusion of evidence flashcards are available?

There are currently 10 flashcards for Relevance and exclusion of evidence under Evidence, organised by chapter. New cards are added regularly to cover the latest Bar Exam syllabus.

Can I study Relevance and exclusion of evidence flashcards by chapter?

Yes. The flashcards are organised by chapter so you can focus on specific areas or work through the entire topic systematically. Scroll down to the "Study by Chapter" section to pick a chapter.

What topics do these Evidence flashcards cover?

The cards cover high-yield concepts, clinical correlations, diagnostic criteria, treatment protocols, and commonly tested facts from Relevance and exclusion of evidence. They mirror the depth and style of Bar Exam questions.

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